Training, performance and value of Latinas in the United States urology workforce

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48193/revistamexicanadeurologa.v81i6.838

Keywords:

International Medical Graduates (IMG), Women in Urology, Underepresented Minorities, diversity, equity, inclusion

Abstract

With the increasing diversity in the population of the United States, efforts and interest in diversity in healthcare have followed.  The article offers an insightful review of recent studies evaluating the role of women and underrepresented minorities (URM) in Urology in order to better understand the state of Latinas in Urology.  We review the representation of women in urology residency in the United State (U.S.), international medical graduates (IMGs) in urology, and the most recent initiatives developed by urologists to increase diversity in the urological community to better reflect the communities served.

References

Dai JC, Agochukwu-Mmonu N, Hittelman AB. Strategies for Attracting Women and Underrepresented Minorities in Urology. Curr Urol Rep. 2019;20(10):61. doi: 10.1007/s11934-019-0921-5

Oberlin DT, Vo AX, Bachrach L, Flury SC. The Gender Divide: The Impact of Surgeon Gender on Surgical Practice Patterns in Urology. J Urol. 2016;196(5):1522–6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.05.030

Marthi S, Enemchukwu E, Thavaseelan S. Defining the Variance: The Current State of Female and URM Concordance of Urology Resident Workforce to the General U.S. Population. Urology. 2021;S0090-4295(21)00672-5. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.06.039

Vespa J, Armstrong DM, Medina L, U.S. Census Bureau. Demographic turning points for the United States: population projections for 2020 to 2060. Washington, D.C: Current population reports; 2018.

Halpern JA, Lee UJ, Wolff EM, Mittal S, Shoag JE, Lightner DJ, et al. Women in Urology Residency, 1978-2013: A Critical Look at Gender Representation in Our Specialty. Urology. 2016;92:20–5. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.12.092

American Urological Association. The State of the Urology Workforce and Practice in the United States. American Urological Association.; 2020.

Simons ECG, Thavaseelan S, Saigal C, Downs T. Diversifying Graduate Medical Education & the Urology Workforce: Re-imagining our Structures, Policies, Practices, Norms, & Values. Urology. 2021;S0090-4295(21)00554-9. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.06.011

Shantharam G, Tran TY, McGee H, Thavaseelan S. Examining Trends in Underrepresented Minorities in Urology Residency. Urology. 2019;127:36–41. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.10.061

Deville C, Hwang W-T, Burgos R, Chapman CH, Both S, Thomas CR. Diversity in Graduate Medical Education in the United States by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex, 2012. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(10):1706–8. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.4324

Zheng MY, Overland M, Escobar D, Fakunle M, Li Y, Chu C, et al. Formal Mentorship as an Opportunity to Expand the Urology Pipeline: Under Represented Trainees Entering Residency (UReTER) Program Evaluation 2020-2021. Urology. 2021;S0090-4295(21)00832-3. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.06.052

Washington SL, Baradaran N, Gaither TW, Awad MA, Murphy GP, Downs TM, et al. Racial distribution of urology workforce in United States in comparison to general population. Transl Androl Urol. 2018;7(4):526–34. doi: 10.21037/tau.2018.05.16

.

Wong D, Kuprasertkul A, Khouri RK, Ganesan V, Kenigsberg AP, Lemack GE. Assessing the Female and Underrepresented Minority Medical Student Experience in the Urology Match: Where Do We Fall Short? Urology. 2021;147:57–63. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.08.076

Halpern JA, Al Hussein Al Awamlh B, Mittal S, Shoag JE, Hu JC, Lee RK. International Medical Graduate Training in Urology: Are We Missing an Opportunity? Urology. 2016;95:39–46. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.03.063

Weissbart SJ, Stock JA, Wein AJ. Program directors’ criteria for selection into urology residency. Urology. 2015;85(4):731–6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.12.041

Nikonow TN, Lyon TD, Jackman SV, Averch TD. Survey of Applicant Experience and Cost in the Urology Match: Opportunities for Reform. J Urol. 2015;194(4):1063–7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.04.074

Chen PG-C, Curry LA, Bernheim SM, Berg D, Gozu A, Nunez-Smith M. Professional challenges of non-U.S.-born international medical graduates and recommendations for support during residency training. Acad Med. 2011;86(11):1383–8. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31823035e1

Kutikov A, Bonslaver J, Casey JT, Degrado J, Dusseault BN, Fox JA, et al. The Gatekeeper Disparity: Why Do Some Medical Schools Send More Medical Students into Urology? J Urol. 2011;185(2):647–52. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.09.113

Cannon S, Seideman CA, Thavaseelan S, Wilson S, Zaila KE, Delgado J, et al. Urologists for Equity: A Collective Approach Toward Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Urology. Urology. 2021;S0090-4295(21)00706-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.07.017

Downloads

Published

2022-01-20

Issue

Section

Review articles